PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127914 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany				Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan														56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Buntsandstein							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Buntsandstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian								Leine							264.28
				Roadian															266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian													Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian													Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian		323.2
				Visean													Chesterian		330.9
																	Meramecian		335.8 *
																	Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian													Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian													Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian										Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Couvinien			Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien			Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Kosovian		443.8
			Katian		Bolindian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
					Eastonian	Kralodvorian			449 *
					Eastonian	Berounian			449.7 *
					Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian						458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian		Yapeenian			Klabava †			467.3
					Yapeenian	Arenigian					468
					Castlemainian						468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian						470
					Bendigonian						471.8 *
					Lancefieldian						473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian	Tremadocian					482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
											Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
											Festiniogian				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian												489.5
														Steptoean	493 *
											Maentwrogian				493.1 *
	Paibian		494								Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids								Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian										Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau				1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan				1375
																			1400