PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian							Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian							Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian					Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan						Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian							Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian							Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Aptian							Cretaceous 3					113
				Barremian							Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian							Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian							Cretaceous 1					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6					145
				Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5					149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian							Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian							Jurassic 4					168.2
				Aalenian							Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3					174.7
				Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2					184.2
				Sinemurian							Jurassic 1					192.9
				Hettangian							Jurassic 1					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4					201.4
				Norian							Triassic 4					208.5
				Carnian							Triassic 3					227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2					237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2					242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							Triassic 1					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Permian 4					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian							Permian 3					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Permian 2					273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian							Permian 1					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5					298.9
Kasimovian				303.7							Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4			315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare			Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
				Ohesaare					Bringewood/Elton	421.3
				Kaugetuma					Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla					Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula					Buildwas	427.4
				Rootsikula		Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	Silurian 1		433.4
				Adavere			434 *
								436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
						Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
				Raikkula				439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4					453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3							458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Cambrian 5					485.4
			Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian			Albertian †					Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian		Marjumian								Cambrian 4	500.5
	Wuliuan		Topazan		Cambrian 3								504.5
	Wuliuan		Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran					Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4	Dyeran										511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran		Cambrian 2								514
			Montezuman										514.8 *
			Begadean										519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian						Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau							1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan							1375
																1400