PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian				Sarmatian						Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian								Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan									Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian										Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian										Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian		259.51
		Wordian									Midian		264.28
		Wordian									Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian									Murgabian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian	Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian									Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian									Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7	Devonian 3
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Ontarian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10						Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian						Iverian		489.5
		Paibian						Idamean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan	Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian		499
		Drumian						Undillan		500.5
		Drumian						Floran		503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian	Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan						Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian		509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3							Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							Cambrian 1	529
													538.8