PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan								56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian	Melekhovian					251.902
				Changhsingian			Baoqingian						253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Zechstein			254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Laibinian			Zechstein			257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan			Rotliegendes			259.51
				Wordian			Kuhfengian						264.28
				Wordian				Noginskian					264.9 *
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian						273.01
				Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
				Artinskian						Autunian			283.5
							Longlinian						285.4 *
								Rusavkinian					287.6 *
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian			Zisongian						293.52
				Asselian							Kuzel		297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
													300.1
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
				Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian					303.7
								Khamovnikian					304.8
								Khamovnikian				Cantabrian	305 *
								Krevyakinian					305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian				307
				Myachkovian				Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
				Podolskian					Westphalian D		308.9 *
				Podolskian					Westphalian C		309.8
				Kashirian							311.4 *
				Vereian							313.8
				Vereian		Westphalian B			314.6
				Melekessian	314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Cheremshanian	Westphalian A	317 *
				Prikamian	Westphalian A	318.6 *
				Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Severokeltmian		Yeadonian		319.9 *
				Severokeltmian		Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian		321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian		321.9 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Chokierian		323.2
				Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian		324 *
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Steshevian		Pendleian		327.4 *
				Tarusian		Pendleian		329 *
			Visean	Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian				335.8 *
				Tulian	Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †		339.9 *
				Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	Ivorian			346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian				351.9 *
				Cherepetian	Hastarian			353.7 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
	Upinian			356.3 *
	Malevkian			357.6 *
	Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
													1400