PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of France	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian											0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean			Tertiary †								2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean											3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean											4.9
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian											11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian											11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian											13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian											15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan											16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan										56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian										Wordian		264.28
				Roadian										Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Kungurian											Hessian	281.9 *
Artinskian				283.5											Hessian
Artinskian				Wolfcampian						Lenoxian	286.1 *
Sakmarian										Lenoxian	290.1
Asselian										Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian								Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
			Pragian									407.6
			Pragian								Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare							419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma							421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare							423
			Ludfordian		Paadla							423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan				445.2
								Cautleyan				448.9 *
						Eastonian		Cautleyan				449 *
								Pusgillian				449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan					451.5 *
						Gisbornian		Cheneyan					452 *
								Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian			Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
						Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
						Castlemainian								468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian								470
						Chewtonian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
						Bendigonian								471.8 *
	Lancefieldian					473.5 *
						Moridunian		474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
							Cressagian	480.8 *
	Warendian						Cressagian	482.8 *
	Warendian							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
																4600