PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of France	Permian of China	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian						Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian							Ionian				0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean										2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian										11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian		Meishanian						251.902
		Changhsingian			Dorashamian		Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		Laoshanian						254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		Laibinian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		Lengwuan						259.51
		Wordian			Midian		Kuhfengian						264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		Luodianian						273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian		283.5
				Longlinian		285.4 *
					Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian			Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian				Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian				Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Pragian	Pragian			Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian				485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Middle Cambrian				497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8