PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian							Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean							Late Pliocene						2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean							Early Pliocene						3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean							Early Pliocene						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian				Pannonian										7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian			Pannonian										11.1
				Serravallian				Sarmatian				Middle Miocene						11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian										12.8 *
				Langhian	Shanwangian													13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian							Early Miocene						15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan													16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian								Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian								Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan											145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan											150
							Heterian											154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan											164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan											176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan											184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran											188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
				Norian			Warepan											208.5
							Otamitan											217
							Oretian											221
				Carnian			Oretian											227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan											237
				Ladinian			Etalian											238
				Anisian			Etalian											242
				Anisian			Malakovian											246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian											247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian			249
Nelsonian				Induan			251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian	Wordian		264.28
			Wordian			Barettian	Wordian		266
			Roadian				Roadian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian		276	Cathedralian
								Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
					Wolfcampian	Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian				298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian				303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian				305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian				307
			Moscovian		Atokan				312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan				315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan				318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian				323.2
			Visean		Chesterian				330.9
					Meramecian				335.8 *
					Osagean				343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean				346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
	Drumian		500.5
	Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635