PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean										2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean										3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean										4.9
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian										11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian										13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian										15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan										16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan								150
							Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian			Warepan								208.5
							Otamitan								217
							Oretian								221
				Carnian			Oretian								227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian			Etalian								238
				Anisian			Etalian								242
				Anisian			Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian				Vokhmian				247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian								249
Induan				251.2			Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Meishanian	Melekhovian		251.902
						Waiitian	Meishanian			253.2
							Baoqingian			253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
						Puruhauan	Laoshanian			254.2
						Puruhauan	Laibinian			257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Lengwuan		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian				Kuhfengian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
								Noginskian		264.9 *
						Barettian				266
			Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian			273.01
						Mangapirian				276
					Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
			Artinskian					283.5
						Telfordian		285
							Longlinian	285.4 *
					Rusavkinian			287.6 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian				Zisongian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Gzhelian							300.1
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
					Khamovnikian					304.8
					Krevyakinian					305.8 *
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian			Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
								Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Prikamian		318.6 *
								Severokeltmian		319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
								Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian			Zapaltjubian		323.2
								Protvian		324.4 *
								Steshevian		326.8 *
								Tarusian		329 *
			Visean		Middle Mississippian			Venevian		330.9
								Mikhailovian		331.9 *
								Aleksinian		333.7 *
								Tulian		335.8 *
								Bobrikian		339.9 *
								Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian			Kosvian		346.7
								Kizelian		350.7 *
								Cherepetian		351.9 *
								Karakubian		354.4 *
								Upinian		356.3 *
								Malevkian		357.6 *
								Gumerovian		358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian							Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
Wenlock		Homerian	Gleedonian								427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian								429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
Llandovery		Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
									Haljala				453.9
									Kukruse				456.4 *
									Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku				458.4
									Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
						Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Volkhov	467.3
		Dapingian				Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
							Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg					477.7
						Varangu					481.3 *
						Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort					485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400