PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean										2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean										3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean										4.9
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian										11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian										13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian										15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan										16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian									Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Ungurian	477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10				Festiniogian	Niuchehean				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian				489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
							Maentwrogian					493.1 *
			Paibian					Paibian				494
			Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian					Guzhangian				499.5
			Drumian					Drumian			Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian					Drumian			Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian			Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai			Duyunian				509
											Toyonian	510 *
											Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3					Nangaoian			Botomian	514
			Stage 3					Nangaoian			Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian			Tommotian	521
			Stage 2									525.5
			Fortunian									529
			Fortunian					Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †				Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †				Wonokan †		571.7 *
															635