PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of China		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian									Sheridanian				0.0117
				Chibanian										Sheridanian				0.129
				Chibanian										Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
				Calabrian										Cudahyan/Sappan				0.774
				Calabrian										Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean													2.58
				Zanclean														3.6
														Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
					Baodean													4.9
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
														Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
					Tunggurian													11.1
				Serravallian														11.63
				Serravallian										late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian	Shanwangian													13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
														Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
					Xiejiaan									Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.9
														late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
															Monroecreekian			23.1 *
															Geringian			24.7 *
				Rupelian											Geringian			27.82
				Rupelian														29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian														37
				Bartonian														37.71
				Bartonian										Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian										Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
				Ypresian										Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				47.8
														Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
																Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
				Thanetian												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
				Selandian												Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
				Selandian												To3/To2/To1		60.9
				Danian												To3/To2/To1		61.6
				Danian												Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai		Buntsandstein	251.902
							252.4 *
				Chhidru			252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru			Zechstein	254.14
				Kalabagh				255 *
				Wargal				256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller	Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			Leine		264.28
								265.3 *
				Amb				266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb				266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Sunwaptan	487.5
									Festiniogian					489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian				489.5
													Steptoean	493 *
									Maentwrogian					493.1 *
			Paibian							Paibian				494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai		Duyunian		Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
Dyeran			Stage 4							Duyunian		511 *
Dyeran			Stage 3							Nangaoian		514
Montezuman												514.8 *
Begadean												519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian		521
			Fortunian							Meishucunian		529
			Fortunian							Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Poundian †					538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Wonokan †					571.7 *
																		635