PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian					Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean					Late Pliocene								2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean					Early Pliocene								3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean					Early Pliocene								4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene								5.333
				Tortonian					Pannonian									7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian				Pannonian									11.1
				Serravallian					Sarmatian	Middle Miocene								11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian	Shanwangian													13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian					Early Miocene								15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan													16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian						Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian						Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian						Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								Wordian		264.28
				Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Kungurian													Hessian	281.9 *
				Artinskian													Hessian	283.5
				Artinskian												Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
Sakmarian				290.1													Lenoxian
Asselian				Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian		427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635