PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia							Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian Subages of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian															0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean												Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean															3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean															4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian															11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian															11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian															13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian															15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan															16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian												33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan												37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan												56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															Buntsandstein	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	Buntsandstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															Ohre/Aller	259.51
				Wordian															Leine	264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian																293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian		438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
			Katian					Gamachian		445.2
								Richmondian		446 *
					Eastonian			Richmondian		449 *
								Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian			450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
					Gisbornian						452 *
			Sandbian								453
								Turinian			453.7 *
							Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian							458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian							467.3
					Castlemainian							468.5 *
					Castlemainian			Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Bendigonian								471.8 *
					Lancefieldian								473.5 *
								Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian					Tulean					477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
								Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
					Warendian							Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian											Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
	Drumian		500.5											Marjumian
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											Topazan		504.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †											Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																				1400