PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian							MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean						MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian							MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean							MN 15	3.6
									MN 14	4.2
			Baodean						MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian							MN 12	7.246
									MN 11	7.75
									MN 10	8.7
									MN 9	9.7
			Tunggurian						MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5		MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian							MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian	Shanwangian						MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian						MN 4	15.98
			Xiejiaan						MN 3	16.9
									MN 2	20
		Aquitanian							MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian							MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2			Triassic 1
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko		Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec		Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Pragian	Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10					Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian					Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids				Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan						Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai				Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1	529
										538.8