PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian											0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean		Tertiary †									2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean											3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean											4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian											11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian											11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian											13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian											15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan											16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan					150
									Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian							Warepan					208.5
									Otamitan					217
									Oretian					221
		Carnian							Oretian					227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian							Etalian					238
		Anisian							Etalian					242
		Anisian							Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian					249
		Induan		251.2					Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					Flettian		264.28
		Wordian					Barettian		266
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
							Telfordian		285
									288.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian			Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani			433.4
		Telychian			Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju			Porkuni		443.8
		Katian						Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
								Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
					Viru			Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
								Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku			458.4
								Lasnamagi			458.9 *
								Aseri			460.4 *
					Oeland			Kunda			462.9 *
								Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort		485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian						509
		Stage 3				Branchian						514
		Stage 3	Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
														538.8