PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian													0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean													2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean													3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean													4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian													11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian													11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian													13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian													15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan													16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian							251.902
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian		Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian			Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian							Midian			Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian			Urzhumian				266.2 *
		Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
									Kubergandian			Filipovian				276.5 *
				Bolorian	279.8							Filipovian
					Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
				Yakhtashian		Irginian	286
				Yakhtashian		Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		Ohesaare		419.2
								Bringewood/Elton		Ohesaare		421.3
								Bringewood/Elton		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas				426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas		Rootsikula		427.4
					Wych			Woolhope		Rootsikula		428.4 *
										Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani		433.4
										Adavere		434 *
												436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
					Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
										Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan										Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	Branchian	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran			514
												Montezuman			514.8 *
												Montezuman		Placentian	517.1
												Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8