PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Silurian of England		Cambrian of China		Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian										0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean										2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean										3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian										11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian										11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian										13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian										15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan										16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Bartonian									MP 16		37.71
		Lutetian									MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Ypresian									MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Laibinian							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan							259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian							264.28
		Roadian				Kuhfengian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian							273.01
		Artinskian				Luodianian							283.5
		Artinskian				Longlinian							285.4 *
		Sakmarian		290.1		Longlinian
		Asselian		Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian	Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Paibian			494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran		Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
		Stage 4				Dyeran		Duyunian		511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran		Nangaoian		514
						Montezuman				514.8 *
						Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian						Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian		530.7
													538.8