PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian												0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean												2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean												3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean												4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian												11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian												11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian												13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian												15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan												16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian							251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Dzhulfian		Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian			Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian						Midian			Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian			Urzhumian				266.2 *
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
								Kubergandian			Filipovian				276.5 *
				Bolorian	279.8						Filipovian
					Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
				Yakhtashian		Irginian	286
				Yakhtashian		Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Tremadocian								477.7
		Tremadocian								Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian			497
										Ayusokkanian			Arcadian	498.4
										Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan								Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan			Branchian	509
										Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
										Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian				514
										Atdabanian				515.6 *
										Atdabanian			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian				521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
															538.8