PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian								0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean					Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian			3
				Zanclean						Waipipian			3.6
										Opoitian			3.7
					Baodean					Opoitian			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan			7.246
									Southland	Waiauan			11.04
					Tunggurian								11.1
				Serravallian									11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian	Shanwangian					Lillburnian			13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian									15.98
					Xiejiaan								16.9
										Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian			23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan			47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian			56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
				Campanian						Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan			93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
										Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan	Gallic		100.5
										Urutawan			103.3
									Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian						Korangan			113
				Aptian									117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				Neocomian		125.77
Valanginian						132.6
Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
			Pragian		Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
							Payntonian				486.8 *
							Payntonian				Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian				Iverian			489.5	Sunwaptan
			Jiangshanian				Iverian			Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian				Idamean			Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian				499
			Drumian	Undillan		500.5
			Drumian	Floran		503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian		Topazan	504.5
				Templetonian		Delamaran	506.5
				Ordian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian			Early Cambrian	Waucoban †	509
									510.8 *
						Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3			Dyeran			514
						Montezuman			514.8 *
						Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
													1400