PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of North America				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian														0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian														Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian														Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian														Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian														Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian														Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean													Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian														Waipipian	3
				Zanclean														Waipipian	3.6
																		Opoitian	3.7
					Baodean													Opoitian	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian														Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian														Tongaporutuan	7.246
																	Southland	Waiauan	11.04
					Tunggurian														11.1
				Serravallian															11.63
				Serravallian														Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian	Shanwangian													Lillburnian	13.82
																		Clifdenian	15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian															15.98
					Xiejiaan														16.9
																		Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian														Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian													Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Waitakian	23.03
																		Duntroonian	25.2
																		Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																		Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian														Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian														Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian														Bortonian	41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																		Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian														Heretaungan	47.8
																		Mangaorapan	48.9
																		Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian														Teurian	56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian														Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian														Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian													Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
																		Mangaotanean	90.5
																		Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian														Arowhanan	93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																		Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														Motuan	100.5
																		Urutawan	103.3
																	Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian														Korangan	113
				Aptian															117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian				Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
				Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian						450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian					453
					Turinian					453.7 *
				Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dapingian								467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian						469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian		Tulean							473.9 *
			Tremadocian		Tulean							Ungurian	477.7
					Stairsian								480.3 *
					Skullrockian						Demingian †		482 *
											Demingian †		Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Batyrbaian	485.4
									Payntonian							486.8 *
									Payntonian							487.5
			Jiangshanian						Iverian							489.5
										Aksaian					Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian					Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian					Idamean	494
			Paibian					Idamean	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	497
						Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	499
						Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian			Undillan				Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian			Floran				Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan			Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			Tuesaian	504.5
						Templetonian					505.3
Ordian						507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
						Toyonian	Lenian †	Toyonian		510 *
						Toyonian		Toyonian		510.8 *
						Botomian		Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3			Botomian		Botomian		514
			Stage 3			Atdabanian		Atdabanian		515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian		Tommotian		521
			Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
			Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian			538.8
			Cryogenian												635
			Tonian												720
			Tonian									Karatau			800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau			1000
			Stenian									Yurmatian			1100
			Ectasian									Yurmatian			1200
			Ectasian									Burzyan			1375
			Calymmian												1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
			Orosirian												1800
			Rhyacian												2050
			Siderian												2300
	Archean	Neoarchean													2500
		Mesoarchean													2800
		Paleoarchean													3200
		Eoarchean													3600
	Hadean														4000
																			4600