PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian Subages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan		56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10		Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		Paibian				494
		Paibian		Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian		Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Duyunian		Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3		Nangaoian		Dyeran			514
						Montezuman			514.8 *
						Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
						Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian					530.7
										538.8