PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of the Baltic				Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian															0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean													Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean															3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean															4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian													Pannonian			7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian												Pannonian			11.1
				Serravallian													Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian													Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian	Shanwangian															13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian															15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan															16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
				Induan																251.2
				Induan								Kathwai								251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai								251.902
																				252.4 *
												Chhidru								252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian								Chhidru							Longtanian †	254.14
												Kalabagh								255 *
												Wargal								256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
				Wordian																264.28
						265.3 *
Amb						266.1 *
Amb				Roadian		266.9
				Roadian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
				Artinskian		283.5
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian		Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
				Visean	330.9	Chesterian
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
				Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
				Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
				Aeronian			438.5
				Rhuddanian			440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
				Katian				Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
								Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
								Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
								Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
								Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
										Oandu			452 *
				Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
								Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
							Whiterockian			Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku				458.4
										Lasnamagi				458.9 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
	Valaste †/Hunderum									Kunda		464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
				Dapingian										467.3
								Rangerian						469.1 *
								Rangerian		Billingen				469.3 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
	Latorp †														470.1 *
										Hunneberg					473.7 *
								Tulean							473.9 *
				Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
								Stairsian							480.3 *
Varangu								Stairsian		481.3 *
Varangu								Skullrockian		Demingian †				482 *
Pakerort										Demingian †				482.2 *
Pakerort	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													509
		Series 2	Stage 3													514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian		720
			Tonian		Karatau													800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau													1000
			Stenian		Yurmatian													1100
			Ectasian		Yurmatian													1200
			Ectasian		Burzyan													1375
																				1400