PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Australia	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian												0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean												2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean												3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian												11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian												11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian												13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian												15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan												16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian					Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
				Carnian					Oretian								227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian					Etalian								238
				Anisian					Etalian								242
				Anisian					Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian			Vokhmian					247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian								249
Induan				251.2					Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
						Puruhauan		254.2
						Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Severodvinian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian			Flettian	Urzhumian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian			Barettian	Urzhumian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
			Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
			Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian		276
								Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian			280.1 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
						Telfordian	Sarginian	285
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
							Burtsevian	288.5
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian		Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian		393.3
			Pragian					Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian								Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
											Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Gisbornian		Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
													Haljala		453.9
													Kukruse		456.4 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian		Uhaku		458.4
													Lasnamagi		458.9 *
													Aseri		460.4 *
												Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
													Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
Dapingian			Yapeenian								467.3
			Castlemainian								468.5 *
			Castlemainian								Billingen		469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Chewtonian										470
			Chewtonian										Latorp †		470.1 *
			Bendigonian												471.8 *
			Lancefieldian												473.5 *
											Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian									Hunneberg				477.7
											Varangu				481.3 *
									Pakerort		482.2 *
			Warendian								482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
																	1400