PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of France	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian									0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean									2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean									3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean									4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian									11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian									11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian									13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian									15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan									16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian		Wordian								264.28
				Roadian		Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
				Kungurian			Hessian							281.9 *
Artinskian				283.5			Hessian
Artinskian				Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
Asselian						Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian					Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
								Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
								Castlemainian					468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian					470
								Chewtonian		Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Bendigonian					471.8 *
	Lancefieldian							473.5 *
								Moridunian		474.3 *
			Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
									Cressagian	480.8 *
	Warendian								Cressagian	482.8 *
	Warendian									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean						2500
	Mesoarchean						2800
	Paleoarchean						3200
	Eoarchean						3600
Hadean							4000
														4600