PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of China	Ordovician of China			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian															0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Calabrian																0.774
				Gelasian																1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean															2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean															3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean															4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian															11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian															11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian															13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian															15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan															16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Vokhmian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									Vokhmian							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian				Dorashamian										251.902
				Changhsingian		Baoqingian				Dorashamian										253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian				Dzhulfian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
						Laoshanian					Tatarian	Vyatkian								256.8 *
						Laibinian						Vyatkian								257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan				Midian		Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian		Kuhfengian				Midian		Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
				Wordian						Murgabian		Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							266.2 *
				Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
				Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian		Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Kubergandian		Filipovian		276.5 *
						Bolorian		Filipovian		279.8
								Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Longlinian				Sarginian		285.4 *
								Irginian		285.9 *
						Yakhtashian		Irginian		286
						Yakhtashian		Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Zisongian		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian		300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian					393.3
			Pragian		Siegen					407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian								Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		Pirgu	445.2
											Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pirgu	449.5
															Vormsi	449.6 *
															Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
														Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
															Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian												Keila	Idavere †	453
															Haljala		453.9
															Kukruse		456.4 *
															Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku		458.4
															Lasnamagi		458.9 *
															Aseri		460.4 *
														Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
																Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
	Hunjiang †											Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
													Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
			Dapingian								Dapingian		Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian								Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian						470
															Latorp †		470.1 *
													Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian								Xinchangian						477.7
												Lianghekou †					477.9 *
													Varangu				481.3 *
									Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort						485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau		1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan		1375
																				1400