PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian													0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean												Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean													3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean													4.9
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian												Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian											Pannonian		11.1
				Serravallian												Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian												Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian	Shanwangian													13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian													15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan													16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian									Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
													Planulata					179.3 *
													Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
													Kanense					181.3 *
													Carlottense					182.3 *
													Kunae					183.5 *
				Pliensbachian									Kunae					184.2
													Freboldi					185.1 *
													Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
														Tetraspidoceras				189.2 *
													Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
				Sinemurian														192.9
													Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
													Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
				Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
Anisian			Middle Triassic	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai		251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru		Longtanian †	254.14
				Kalabagh			255 *
				Wargal			256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
							265.3 *
				Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb			266.9
			Roadian				270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																		1400