PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian											0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean										Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean											3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean											4.9
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian										Pannonian		7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian									Pannonian		11.1
				Serravallian										Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian										Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian	Shanwangian											13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian											15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan											16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian						66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic						100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan				150
												Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian								Warepan				208.5
												Otamitan				217
												Oretian				221
				Carnian								Oretian				227
				Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian								Etalian				238
Anisian				242								Etalian
Anisian				Malakovian		246
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Malakovian		247.2
			Olenekian	Nelsonian		249
			Induan	Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller		Aparima	Flettian	Midian			259.51
			Wordian	Leine			Flettian				264.28
							Barettian				266
								Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian					Murgabian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian			273.01
							Mangapirian	Kubergandian			276
								Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian								283.5
					Telfordian		285
					Telfordian		Yakhtashian	286
							Yakhtashian	288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian				Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian					Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian					Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian				470
			Tremadocian					Xinchangian				477.7
			Tremadocian					Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean													2500
	Mesoarchean													2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																4600