PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6						0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian												0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean												2.58
				Zanclean	Yushean												3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian	Tunggurian												11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian						Cenozoic 5						11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian												13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian												15.98
				Burdigalian	Xiejiaan												16.9
				Aquitanian	Xiejiaan												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3						33.9
				Bartonian							Cenozoic 3						37.71
				Lutetian							Cenozoic 2						41.2
				Ypresian							Cenozoic 2						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1						56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8						66
				Campanian							Cretaceous 7						72.1
				Santonian							Cretaceous 6						83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4						100.5
				Aptian							Cretaceous 3						113
				Barremian							Cretaceous 2						121.4
				Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2						125.77
				Valanginian							Cretaceous 1						132.6
				Berriasian							Cretaceous 1						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6						145
				Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5						149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian							Jurassic 4						165.3
				Bajocian							Jurassic 4						168.2
				Aalenian							Jurassic 3						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3						174.7
				Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2						184.2
				Sinemurian							Jurassic 1						192.9
				Hettangian							Jurassic 1						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4						201.4
				Norian							Triassic 4						208.5
				Carnian							Triassic 3						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian					Triassic 1						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian					Triassic 1						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Permian 4						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian											259.51
				Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian											264.28
				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					Permian 3						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Permian 2						273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare			Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
				Ohesaare					Bringewood/Elton	421.3
				Kaugetuma	421.7 *				Bringewood/Elton
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				Buildwas	427.4
				Rootsikula	Wych			Woolhope	428.4 *
				Jaagarahu					429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu					430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani					431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			Silurian 1		433.4
				Adavere					434 *
									436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
					Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
				Raikkula					439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula					440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4						453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3								458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Cambrian 5					485.4
			Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian											Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian				Albertian †					Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian		Marjumian									Cambrian 4	500.5
	Wuliuan		Topazan		Cambrian 3									504.5
	Wuliuan		Delamaran											506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran						Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4	Dyeran											511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran		Cambrian 2									514
			Montezuman			514.8 *
			Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian										538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian				Karatau										800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau										1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan										1375
																	1400