PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian						0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian		Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian		Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian		Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean					Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean										3.6
						Hemphillian								4.7
								Baodean						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian									7.246
						Clarendonian								9.4
								Tunggurian						11.1
				Serravallian	Sarmatian									11.63
					Sarmatian	Barstovian								12.5
					Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian				Shanwangian						13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
						Hemingfordian								16.3
						Hemingfordian		Xiejiaan						16.9
						Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
				Rupelian										27.82
						Whitneyan								29.5
						Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian		Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian		Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian		Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian		Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian		Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian		Bridgerian								47.8
						Wasatchian								50.5
						Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian		Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
Bajocian				168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Pliensbachian	184.2
			Sinemurian	192.9
			Hettangian	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian					259.51
			Wordian	Midian					264.28
			Wordian	Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian					273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian					279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian					283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †					298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †					303.7
			Kasimovian						305.9
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5		Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10					Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian					Iverian	489.5
			Paibian					Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian					Boomerangian		499
			Drumian					Undillan		500.5
			Drumian					Floran		503
			Wuliuan				Templetonian	Stage 5 †		504.5
			Wuliuan				Ordian	Stage 5 †		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian			509
			Stage 4							510.8 *
			Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635