PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean											Yushean		3.6
				Zanclean											Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian												7.246
				Tortonian	Pannonian										Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian	Sarmatian												11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian												12.8 *
				Langhian											Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian											Shanwangian		15.98
				Burdigalian											Xiejiaan		16.9
				Aquitanian											Xiejiaan		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian											33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan											37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan											56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan						150
											Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian							Warepan						208.5
											Otamitan						217
											Oretian						221
				Carnian							Oretian						227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian							Etalian						238
				Anisian							Etalian						242
				Anisian							Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian						247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian				249
Nelsonian				Induan				251.2
DUrville				Induan				Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian				Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Waiitian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Rotliegendes				Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian					Leine		Flettian			264.28
										Barettian			266
											Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian								Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Kubergandian						273.01
					Kubergandian					Mangapirian	276
					Bolorian						279.8
			Artinskian	Autunian							283.5
										Telfordian	285
					Yakhtashian					Telfordian	286
					Yakhtashian						288.5
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635