PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian									2.58
				Piacenzian		Ruscinian									3.1 *
				Zanclean		Ruscinian									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian									5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian	Turolian									7.246
				Tortonian	Pannonian	Vallesian									8.7
				Serravallian	Sarmatian	Astaracian									11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian										12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian									15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian									20
				Aquitanian		Agenian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
				Bajocian					Humphresianum						168.4
				Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
				Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
				Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
				Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian				259.51
Wordian				Wordian			264.28
Roadian				Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian			Cathedralian			273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian			283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian			Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian			290.1
			Asselian				Nealian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †							298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †							303.7
			Kasimovian								305.9
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †					445.2
			Katian		Berounian						449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †							458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
						Sarka †							461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †							467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian								468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian									485.4
			Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian									489.5
					Aksaian									490.7 *
					Sakian									492.2 *
			Paibian		Sakian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian						499.5
			Drumian		Zhanaarykian				500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian				503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian			504.5
			Wuliuan					505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
					Toyonian			510 *
					Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian			514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
		Ectasian							1200
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian					2050
		Siderian					2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
															4600