PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian			Middle Pleistocene				0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian			Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian			Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian			Late Pliocene				3
		Zanclean			Waipipian			Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian			Early Pliocene				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean			Late Miocene				5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian	Pannonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian	Pannonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Sarmatian					Middle Miocene				11.63
			Badenian									12.8 *
			Badenian		Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
					Clifdenian							15.1
				Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian			Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian			Late Oligocene		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
					Duntroonian							25.2
					Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan							34.6
					Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan			Middle Eocene		MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian					MP 16		39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
					Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan			Early Eocene		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
					Mangaorapan							48.9
					Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian			Late Paleocene		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
					Mangaotanean							90.5
					Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
					Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan							100.5
					Urutawan							103.3
				Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian			Korangan							113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
			Huashibanian			318.5 *
			Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian			330.9
		Visean	Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	443.8
		Katian					Bolindian	445.2
							Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian			Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian			Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian	470
				Bendigonian	471.8 *
				Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
				Warendian	482.8 *
				Warendian	Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian				489.5
					Aksaian				490.7 *
					Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan				509
					Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
					Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian				514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian				521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
												538.8