PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of England		Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian	Pannonian										7.246
				Serravallian	Sarmatian										11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian										12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan								56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Meishanian				251.902
				Changhsingian							Baoqingian				253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian							Laoshanian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Laibinian				257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Lengwuan				259.51
				Wordian							Kuhfengian				264.28
				Roadian							Kuhfengian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Luodianian				273.01
				Artinskian							Luodianian				283.5
				Artinskian							Longlinian				285.4 *
				Sakmarian							Longlinian				290.1
				Asselian							Zisongian			Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Zisongian			Virgilian	298.9
				Gzhelian										Virgilian	300.1
				Kasimovian										Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian										Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian										Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian										Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian										Atokan	315.2
Morrowan				Bashkirian		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean	Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Telychian				436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
			Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian				Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian					499.5
			Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian				Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan				Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
			Toyonian				510 *
			Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian				514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †		Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †		Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000	Karatau
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400