PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean				Early Pliocene	Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian				Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian	Pannonian				Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian	Sarmatian			Middle Miocene	Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian						13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene	Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian					Agenian	20
				Aquitanian					Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
				Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
				Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
				Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian						192.9
				Hettangian						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
				Norian						208.5
				Carnian						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						264.28
				Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Artinskian						283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian	Paibian			494
			Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	497
			Drumian	Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian		Early Cambrian	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian			521
			Fortunian	Meishucunian			529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
										635