PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian		Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene										5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian	Late Miocene										7.246
				Serravallian	Sarmatian	Middle Miocene										11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian											12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene										15.98
				Aquitanian		Early Miocene										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian		Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene								Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene							Gashatan			56
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian		Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan											Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein				Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian											Chhidru	254.14
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller					259.51
				Wordian							Leine					264.28
																265.3 *
															Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian											Amb	266.9
				Roadian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
				Artinskian			283.5
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian	315.2		Atokan
				Bashkirian	Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
				Visean	Chesterian		330.9
					Meramecian		335.8 *
					Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
				Pragian		407.6
				Lochkovian		410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
			Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
				Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
				Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
				Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
				Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
				Telychian		Adavere	434 *
				Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
				Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
				Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
				Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni		443.8
				Katian			Pirgu		445.2
							Vormsi		449.6 *
							Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
							Oandu			452 *
				Sandbian			Keila		Idavere †	453
							Haljala			453.9
							Kukruse			456.4 *
							Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku			458.4
							Lasnamagi			458.9 *
							Aseri			460.4 *
	Oeland					Kunda	462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
				Dapingian		Volkhov				467.3
				Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †			470.1 *
						Hunneberg				473.7 *
				Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort	485.4
							486.3 *
							486.5
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
			Tonian								Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian		1200						Yurmatian
			Ectasian		Burzyan						1375
																1400