PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian				MN 17							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16						Villanyian	2.58
						MN 16						Ruscinian	3.1 *
						MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean				MN 15							3.6
						MN 14							4.2
						MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				MN 13						Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian			MN 12							7.246
						MN 11							7.75
						MN 10						Vallesian	8.7
						MN 9							9.7
						MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian	Sarmatian			MN 7 + 8						Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian			MN 6							12.8 *
		Langhian				MN 5							13.82
		Burdigalian				MN 4						Orleanian	15.98
						MN 3						Orleanian	16.9
						MN 2						Agenian	20
		Aquitanian				MN 2							20.44
		Aquitanian				MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein	Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes	Midian		259.51
		Wordian									Midian		264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian	Autunian		283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Bursumian †			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian				298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian				303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian		Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan				315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10				Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian				Festiniogian			489.5
		Jiangshanian				Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids				Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai				Branchian	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 3						Branchian		514
		Stage 3						Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
													538.8