PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A							33.9
		Bartonian				MP 16							37.71
		Lutetian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11							41.2
		Ypresian				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				MP 6	MP 1 - 5						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
		Wuchiapingian								Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
									Filipovian				276.5 *
									Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian			283.5
									Irginian				285.9 *
									Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian						Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian						358.9
			Middle Famennian						365.3 *
			Early Famennian						368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian						372.2
			Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
			Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian						382.7
			Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian		485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran					Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †		Early Cambrian			509
		Stage 4				Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran						514
						Montezuman						514.8 *
						Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8