PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of North America		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian	Pannonian									7.246
				Serravallian	Sarmatian									11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian							259.51
				Wordian			Wordian							264.28
				Roadian			Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
				Kungurian				Hessian						281.9 *
				Artinskian				Hessian						283.5
				Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						286.1 *
				Sakmarian				Lenoxian						290.1
				Asselian				Nealian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian					300 *
				Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian					303.7
				Kasimovian					Dalaun					305.8 *
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
									Huashibanian					318.5 *
									Lousuan					321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian		323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian		330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
			Tremadocian		Ungurian	477.7
			Tremadocian		Ungurian	Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian					489.5
					Aksaian	Aksaian					490.7 *
					Sakian	Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian								494
			Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian					497
			Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian		Zhanaarykian						500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian						503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan					504.5
			Wuliuan								505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
					Toyonian	Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
					Botomian	Botomian					512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian	Botomian					514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian	Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		Tommotian	521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400