PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian	Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian										11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian		100.5
											Middle Albian		106.2 *
											Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian		113
		Aptian									Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian		139.8
											Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
											Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian		150
										Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
										Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian		174.7
									Herangi	Ururoan	Late Toarcian		176
											Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
											Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian								Warepan	Sevatian		208.5
											Alaunian		213.2 *
											Lacian		216.7 *
										Otamitan			217
										Oretian			221
		Carnian								Oretian	Tuvalian		227
									Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian		227.5
											Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian		237
				Etalian	238						Longobardian
					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
			Pelsonian		243.8 *
			Bithynian		244.7 *
			Aegean		245.5 *
			Aegean	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		247.2
			Smithian		248.9 *
			Smithian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
			Griesbachian		251.4 *
			Griesbachian	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian								485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian								486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian								489.5
		Paibian	Idamean								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan								497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian								499
		Drumian	Undillan	500.5
		Drumian	Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	509
													510.8 *