PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127914 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian	Pannonian																7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian																11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian																12.8 *
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Buntsandstein								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Buntsandstein								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller								259.51
		Wordian									Leine								264.28
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian															Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian															Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian															Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian															Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian															Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian															Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian															Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Chesterian		323.2
		Visean															Chesterian		330.9
																	Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
					Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
					Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian					458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
					Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
					Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian					470
					Bendigonian					471.8 *
					Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
					Warendian					482.8 *
					Warendian					Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian				Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
															Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																489.5
										Aksaian								490.7 *
										Sakian								492.2 *
																	Steptoean	493 *
															Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian				Ayusokkanian			St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan								Amgan/Solvan					Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan													Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian							Caerfai			Waucoban †	509
										Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
										Toyonian					Dyeran		511 *
										Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3															514
															Montezuman		514.8 *
										Atdabanian					Montezuman		515.6 *
										Atdabanian					Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian							521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																			538.8