PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean												Yushean			3.6
				Zanclean												Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian														7.246
				Tortonian	Pannonian											Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian	Sarmatian														11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian														12.8 *
				Langhian												Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian												Shanwangian			15.98
				Burdigalian												Xiejiaan			16.9
				Aquitanian												Xiejiaan			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan						150
													Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian									Warepan						208.5
													Otamitan						217
													Oretian						221
				Carnian									Oretian						227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian									Etalian						238
				Anisian									Etalian						242
				Anisian									Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian						247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Rotliegendes		Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Leine		Flettian			264.28
								Barettian			266
									Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian						Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Kubergandian				273.01
					Kubergandian			Mangapirian	276
					Bolorian				279.8
			Artinskian	Autunian					283.5
								Telfordian	285
					Yakhtashian			Telfordian	286
					Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
			Telychian						Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian			443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian				449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
									Dobrotivian						458.5 *
									Oretanian						459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †												497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Wonokan †										Vendian †	571.7 *
																			635