PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of China			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian										Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian										Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian												12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian									MP 16		Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian									MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian									MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
				Vormsi						449.6 *
				Vormsi				Berounian		449.7 *
				Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
				Oandu							452 *
		Sandbian		Keila						Idavere †	453
				Haljala							453.9
				Haljala							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Kukruse									456.4 *
				Uhaku						Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
				Lasnamagi				Dobrotivian					458.9 *
				Lasnamagi				Oretanian					459.7 *
				Aseri									460.4 *
				Aseri					Sarka †				461.7 *
			Oeland	Kunda									462.9 *
										Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
				Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
								Arenigian						468
				Billingen										469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian									470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
				Hunneberg										473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian			Tremadocian						477.7
							Lianghekou †							477.9 *
				Varangu										481.3 *
				Pakerort										482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort										485.4
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												486.3 *
															486.5