PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic			Cambrian of Australia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6			0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian								0.0117
				Chibanian						Lujanian								0.129
				Chibanian						Ensenadan								0.3 *
				Calabrian						Ensenadan								0.774
				Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
				Gelasian						Sanandresian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean								2.58
				Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
				Zanclean						Chapadmalalan								3.6
										Montehermosan								3.7 *
										Huayquerian								4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian													7.246
										Chasicoan								7.9 *
										Mayoan								9.9 *
										Laventan								10.9 *
				Serravallian	Sarmatian										Cenozoic 5			11.63
					Badenian													12.8 *
					Badenian					Colloncuran								13.7 *
				Langhian						Colloncuran								13.82
				Langhian						Friasian								15.4 *
				Burdigalian						Friasian								15.98
										Santacrucian								16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
				Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian								20.44
				Aquitanian						Deseadan								20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4			23.03
				Rupelian														27.82
				Rupelian						Tinguirirican								28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican					Cenozoic 3			33.9
				Priabonian						Divisaderan								35.9 *
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian											Cenozoic 2			41.2
				Lutetian						Mustersan								41.9 *
				Ypresian						Mustersan								47.8
				Ypresian						Casamayoran								47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican					Cenozoic 1			56
										Itaboraian								56.9 *
										Peligran								58.9 *
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
				Danian						Tiupampan								62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8			66
				Campanian											Cretaceous 7			72.1
				Santonian											Cretaceous 6			83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Aptian											Cretaceous 3			113
				Barremian											Cretaceous 2			121.4
				Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2			125.77
				Valanginian											Cretaceous 1			132.6
				Berriasian											Cretaceous 1			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6			145
				Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5			149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian											Jurassic 4			165.3
				Bajocian											Jurassic 4			168.2
				Aalenian											Jurassic 3			170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7											Jurassic 3
			Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
			Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
			Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian				436.3 *
			Aeronian				438.5
			Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni		Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Pirgu			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Vormsi			Kralodvorian		449.6 *
					Vormsi			Berounian		449.7 *
					Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
					Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian		Keila		Idavere †			Ordovician 4	453
					Haljala						453.9
					Haljala						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Kukruse								456.4 *
					Uhaku		Aluoja †						457.5 *
									Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3			458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Lasnamagi			Dobrotivian					458.9 *
					Lasnamagi			Oretanian					459.7 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
					Aseri				Sarka †				461.7 *
				Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum						464.3 *
					Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Ordovician 2	Klabava †				467.3
								Arenigian						468
					Billingen									469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
							Latorp †							470.1 *
					Hunneberg									473.7 *
Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		Hunneberg			Tremadocian		477.7
					Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort		Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Cambrian 5					485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
							Payntonian								486.8 *
							Payntonian								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Idamean								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan	Marjumian		Albertian †					Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian									499
		Drumian					Undillan									500.5
		Drumian					Floran									503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian	Topazan							Cambrian 3	504.5
							Templetonian	Delamaran								506.5
							Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian			Waucoban †						509
																510.8 *
								Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran							Cambrian 2	514
								Montezuman								514.8 *
								Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian													Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau		1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian				1200									Yurmatian
		Ectasian				Burzyan									1375
																		1400