PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian	Pannonian																			7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian																			11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian																			12.8 *
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Buntsandstein								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Buntsandstein								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian							Ohre/Aller								259.51
		Wordian					Wordian							Leine								264.28
		Roadian					Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian														273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian														281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian														283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian														286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian														290.1
		Asselian						Nealian												Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian																		Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian																		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian																		Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian																		Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian																		Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian																		Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		Chesterian		323.2
		Visean		330.9																Chesterian
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	346.7	Osagean
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian			433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan		Clinton				440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian								Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian			449.5
													Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian														453
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
															Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
													Dobrotivian					458.5 *
													Oretanian					459.7 *
															Sarka †			461.7 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian								Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian								Dapingian			Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian			Arenigian					470
		Tremadocian								Xinchangian			Tremadocian					477.7
		Tremadocian								Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Tremadocian					477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
																		Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																			489.5
																				Steptoean	493 *
																		Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian																Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											St Davids						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												500.5					Marjumian
		Wuliuan												Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan												Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Caerfai	Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran						514
														Montezuman						514.8 *
							Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
																						538.8