PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian	Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian				100.5
						Middle Albian				106.2 *
						Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian				113
		Aptian				Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian				139.8
						Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
						Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian				174.7
						Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
						Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian				Sevatian				208.5
						Alaunian				213.2 *
						Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian				227
		Carnian				Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian				237
		Ladinian				Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian				242
						Pelsonian				243.8 *
						Bithynian				244.7 *
						Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
						Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian			492.2 *
								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian	Topazan		504.5
							Topazan		505.3
							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †	509
						Toyonian			510 *
						Toyonian	Dyeran		511 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
						Atdabanian	Montezuman		515.6 *
						Atdabanian	Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
										538.8