PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Calabrian									0.774
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian								7.246
				Serravallian	Sarmatian				Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian								12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian	Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan		Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4		Late Albian		100.5
											Middle Albian		106.2 *
											Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3		Late Aptian		113
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3		Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2		Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian							Late Berriasian		139.8
											Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
											Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian					Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian							Late Bajocian		168.2
				Bajocian							Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian		174.7
											Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
											Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian							Sevatian		208.5
											Alaunian		213.2 *
											Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian					Triassic 3		Tuvalian		227
Julian				Carnian		233.4 *			Triassic 3
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian			237
			Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
			Anisian			Illyrian			242
						Pelsonian			243.8 *
						Bithynian			244.7 *
						Aegean			245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian			247.2
			Olenekian			Smithian			248.9 *
			Induan			Dienerian			251.2
			Induan			Griesbachian			251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5		Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	Adorf	Devonian 4		Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Siegen	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5				485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4				497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4				500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3				509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2				521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	Cambrian 1		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
													1400