PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian				Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan		150
						Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian				Warepan		208.5
						Otamitan		217
						Oretian		221
		Carnian				Oretian		227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian				Etalian		238
		Anisian				Etalian		242
		Anisian				Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian		249
		Induan				Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902		Makarewan
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	283.5		Mangapirian
			Telfordian		285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
								305.9