PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian													7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian													11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian													12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Melekhovian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian		Wordian												264.28
		Wordian		Wordian					Noginskian							264.9 *
		Roadian		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian											273.01
					Cathedralian				Pavlovoposadian							276.8 *
					Hessian											281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian											283.5
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
									Rusavkinian							287.6 *
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian			Nealian											293.52
		Asselian			Nealian							Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †						Kuzel				298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
								Stephanian B		300.9 *
								Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian	303.7
									Khamovnikian	304.8
								Cantabrian	Khamovnikian	305 *
			Krevyakinian						305.8 *
			Krevyakinian						305.9
		Moscovian	Myachkovian						307
			Myachkovian				Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
			Podolskian					Westphalian D	308.9 *
			Podolskian					Westphalian C	309.8
			Kashirian						311.4 *
			Vereian						313.8
			Vereian					Westphalian B	314.6
			Melekessian						314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian						315.2
			Cheremshanian						316.9 *
			Cheremshanian					Westphalian A	317 *
			Prikamian					Westphalian A	318.6 *
			Prikamian				Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
			Severokeltmian					Yeadonian	319.9 *
			Severokeltmian					Marsdenian	320.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian					Marsdenian	321.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
			Voznesenian					Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian					Chokierian	323.2
			Zapaltjubian					Arnsbergian	324 *
			Protvian						324.4 *
			Steshevian						326.8 *
			Steshevian					Pendleian	327.4 *
			Tarusian					Pendleian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Mikhailovian						331.9 *
			Aleksinian						333.7 *
			Tulian						335.8 *
			Tulian				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Bobrikian				Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
			Bobrikian				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Radaevkian				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian				Ivorian		346.7
			Kizelian						350.7 *
			Cherepetian						351.9 *
			Cherepetian				Hastarian		353.7 *
			Karakubian						354.4 *
			Upinian						356.3 *
			Malevkian						357.6 *
			Gumerovian						358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									489.5
										Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids				Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan							Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai				Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4							Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran				514
									Montezuman				514.8 *
									Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																538.8