PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian	Pannonian																		7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian																		11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian																		12.8 *
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein																	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes																	259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian																			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †																298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †																303.7
		Kasimovian																			305.9
		Moscovian																			307
		Bashkirian																			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																			323.2
		Visean																			330.9
		Tournaisian																			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											Adorf								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
								Richmondian	Chientangkiangian			446 *
								Richmondian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
								Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian					450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian					453
								Turinian					453.7 *
							Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
		Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian							Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian	Dapingian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
		Floian						Tulean						Yiyangian	473.9 *
		Tremadocian												Ungurian	Xinchangian	477.7
											Lianghekou †					477.9 *
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Skullrockian					Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian				Batyrbaian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10															Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															Jiangshanian			489.5
												Aksaian								490.7 *
												Sakian								492.2 *
																			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian															Paibian			494
		Paibian															Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian				Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian																Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian						Drumian		500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian						Drumian		503
		Wuliuan										Tuesaian				Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
																Topazan				505.3
																Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
												Toyonian								510 *
												Toyonian				Dyeran				511 *
												Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3																Nangaoian		514
																Montezuman				514.8 *
				Atdabanian								515.6 *				Montezuman
				Atdabanian								Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	Meishucunian											521
		Stage 2														525.5
		Fortunian														529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian											530.7
																					538.8