PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Central Paratethys Stages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6						0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian	Pannonian													7.246
				Serravallian	Sarmatian							Cenozoic 5						11.63
				Serravallian	Badenian													12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3						33.9
				Bartonian								Cenozoic 3						37.71
				Lutetian								Cenozoic 2						41.2
				Ypresian								Cenozoic 2						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1						56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8						66
				Campanian								Cretaceous 7						72.1
				Santonian								Cretaceous 6						83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4						100.5
				Aptian								Cretaceous 3						113
				Barremian								Cretaceous 2						121.4
				Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2						125.77
				Valanginian								Cretaceous 1						132.6
				Berriasian								Cretaceous 1						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6						145
				Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5						149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian								Jurassic 4						165.3
				Bajocian								Jurassic 4						168.2
				Aalenian								Jurassic 3						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3						174.7
				Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2						184.2
				Sinemurian								Jurassic 1						192.9
				Hettangian								Jurassic 1						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4						201.4
				Norian								Triassic 4						208.5
				Carnian								Triassic 3						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian						Triassic 1						247.2
				Induan														251.2
				Induan				Kathwai										251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian	Kathwai				Permian 4						251.902
																		252.4 *
								Chhidru										252.9 *
							Baoqingian											253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laoshanian											254.14
								Kalabagh										255 *
								Wargal										256 *
							Laibinian											257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Kuhfengian	264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			Amb	Permian 3	266.9
			Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Permian 3	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian			Luodianian		Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian			Luodianian			283.5
			Artinskian			Longlinian			285.4 *
			Sakmarian			Longlinian			290.1
			Asselian			Zisongian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Gzhelian						300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1			407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1					433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4							453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3									458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2						Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					Cambrian 5					485.4
			Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian												493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian		Albertian †					Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian	Marjumian							Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan							Cambrian 3					504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran												506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran		Waucoban †										509
		Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							Cambrian 2					514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian										538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian		Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau			1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan		1375
																		1400