PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian		3
		Zanclean								Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian	Pannonian							Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian	Pannonian						Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Sarmatian									11.63
			Badenian									12.8 *
			Badenian							Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian		13.82
										Clifdenian		15.1
									Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian		23.03
										Duntroonian		25.2
										Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
									Arnold	Runangan		34.6
										Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
										Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan		47.8
										Mangaorapan		48.9
										Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian		56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian								Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
										Mangaotanean		90.5
										Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan		93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
										Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Motuan		100.5
										Urutawan		103.3
									Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian								Korangan		113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	323.2
		Visean					Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Tremadocian		477.7
		Tremadocian		Mansian †				483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian							489.5
								Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian		Idamean							494
		Paibian		Idamean						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan				Ayusokkanian			497
				Boomerangian				Ayusokkanian			499
				Boomerangian				Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian		Undillan		500.5
		Drumian		Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
				Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
				Toyonian		510.8 *
				Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian		514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
												538.8